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HomeMy WebLinkAboutOx SHPO 106 Review 8.5x11 450 Columbus Boulevard, Suite 5 | Hartford, CT 06103 | 860.500.2300 | cultureandtourism.org PROJECT REVIEW COVER FORM Updated 1/2018 This is: ☐ a new submittal ☐ supplemental information ☐ other Date Submitted: PROJECT INFORMATION Project Name: Project Proponent: The individual or group sponsoring, organizing, or proposing the project. Project Street Address: Include street number, street name, and or Route Number. If no street address exists give closest intersection. City or Town: County: Please use the municipality name and not the village or hamlet. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Describe the overall project in detail. As applicable, provide any information regarding past land use, project area size, renovation plans, demolitions, and/or new construction. Note if this will included in a separate attachment: List all state and federal agencies involved in the project and indicate the funding, permit, license or approval program pertaining to the proposed project: Agency Type Agency Name Program Name ☐ State ☐ Federal ☐ State ☐ Federal ☐ State ☐ Federal ☐ State ☐ Federal If there is no state or federal agency involvement, please state the reason for your review request: FOR SHPO USE ONLY Based on the information submitted to our office for the above named property and project, it is the opinion of the Connecticut State Historic Preservation Office that no historic properties will be affected by the proposed activities.* Mary Dunne/Catherine Labadia Date Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer *All other determinations of effect will result in a formal letter from this office 450 Columbus Boulevard, Suite 5 | Hartford, CT 06103 | 860.500.2300 | cultureandtourism.org PROJECT REVIEW COVER FORM Updated 1/2018 CULTURAL RESOURCES IDENTIFICATION Background research for previously identified historic properties within a project area may be undertaken at the SHPO’s office. To schedule an appointment, please contact Catherine Labadia, 860-500-2329 or Catherine.labadia@ct.gov. Some applicants may find it advantageous to hire a qualified historic preservation professional to complete the identification and evaluation of historic properties. Are there any historic properties listed on the State or National Register of Historic Places within the project area? ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Do Not Know If yes, please identify: Architecture Are there any buildings, structures, or objects within the project area (houses, bridges, barns, walls, etc.)? ☐ Yes (attach clearly labelled photographs of each resource and applicable property cards from the municipality assessor) ☐ No (proceed to next section) Are any of the buildings, structures or objects greater than 50 years old? ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Do Not Know If the project involves rehabilitation, demolition, or alterations to existing buildings older than 50 years, provide a work plan (If window replacements are proposed, provide representative photographs of existing windows). Archeology Does the proposed project involve ground disturbing activities? ☐ Yes (provide below or attach a description of current and prior land use and disturbances. Attach an excerpt of the soil survey map for the project area. These can be created for free at: https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov ☐ No CHECKLIST (Did you attach the following information?) Required for all Projects Required for Projects with architectural resources ☐ Completed Form ☐ Work plans for rehabilitation or renovation ☐ Map clearly labelled depicting project area ☐ Assessor’s Property Card ☐ Photographs of current site conditions Required for Projects with ground disturbing activities ☐ Site or project plans for new construction ☐ Soil survey map Suggested Attachments, as needed ☐ Supporting documents needed to explain project ☐ Supporting documents identifying historic properties ☐ Historic maps or aerials (available at http://magic.lib.uconn.edu or https://www.historicaerials.com/) PROJECT CONTACT Name: Firm/Agency: Address: City: State: Zip: Phone: Email: Federal and state laws exist to ensure that agencies, or their designated applicants, consider the impacts of their projects on historic resources. At a minimum, submission of this completed form with its attachments constitutes a request for review by the Connecticut SHPO. The responsibility for preparing documentation, including the identification of historic properties and the assessment of potential effects resulting from the project, rests with the federal or state agency, or its designated applicant. The role of SHPO is to review, comment, and consult. SHPO’s ability to complete a timely project review largely depends on the quality of the materials submitted. Please mail the completed form with all attachments to the attention of Environmental Review at the address above. Electronic submissions are not accepted at this time. Certified Sanborn® Map Report Inquiry Number: 6 Armstrong Road, 4th floor Shelton, CT 06484 Toll Free: 800.352.0050 www.edrnet.com Former Faria-Beede Instruments 42 Pink Row Uncasville, CT 06382 August 09, 2019 5747433.3 Certified Sanborn® Map Report Certified Sanborn Results: Disclaimer - Copyright and Trademark Notice EDR and its logos (including Sanborn and Sanborn Map) are trademarks of Environmental Data Resources, Inc. or its affiliates. All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. page- The Sanborn Library includes more than 1.2 million fire insurance maps from Sanborn, Bromley, Perris & Browne, Hopkins, Barlow and others which track historical property usage in approximately 12,000 American cities and towns. Collections searched: Library of Congress University Publications of America EDR Private Collection The Sanborn Library LLC Since 1866™ Limited Permission To Make Copies Sanborn® Library search results Contact:EDR Inquiry # Site Name: Client Name: Certification # PO # Project 1945 1924 08/09/19 42 Pink Row Former Faria-Beede Instruments Down To Earth, LLC 122 Church Street Uncasville, CT 06382 5747433.3 NAUGATUCK, CT 06770 Timothy Carr The Sanborn Library has been searched by EDR and maps covering the target property location as provided by Down To Earth, LLC were identified for the years listed below. The Sanborn Library is the largest, most complete collection of fire insurance maps. The collection includes maps from Sanborn, Bromley, Perris & Browne, Hopkins, Barlow, and others. Only Environmental Data Resources Inc. (EDR) is authorized to grant rights for commercial reproduction of maps by the Sanborn Library LLC, the copyright holder for the collection. Results can be authenticated by visiting www.edrnet.com/sanborn. The Sanborn Library is continually enhanced with newly identified map archives. This report accesses all maps in the collection as of the day this report was generated. 8A5A-4FEE-AA54 DK-002 Maps Provided: Former Faria-Beede Instruments Certification #: 8A5A-4FEE-AA54 Down To Earth, LLC (the client) is permitted to make up to FIVE photocopies of this Sanborn Map transmittal and each fire insurance map accompanying this report solely for the limited use of its customer. No one other than the client is authorized to make copies. Upon request made directly to an EDR Account Executive, the client may be permitted to make a limited number of additional photocopies. This permission is conditioned upon compliance by the client, its customer and their agents with EDR's copyright policy; a copy of which is available upon request. This Report contains certain information obtained from a variety of public and other sources reasonably available to Environmental Data Resources, Inc. It cannot be concluded from this Report that coverage information for the target and surrounding properties does not exist from other sources. NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, IS MADE WHATSOEVER IN CONNECTION WITH THIS REPORT. ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, INC. SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE MAKING OF ANY SUCH WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE. ALL RISK IS ASSUMED BY THE USER. IN NO EVENT SHALL ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, INC. BE LIABLE TO ANYONE, WHETHER ARISING OUT OF ERRORS OR OMISSIONS, NEGLIGENCE, ACCIDENT OR ANY OTHER CAUSE, FOR ANY LOSS OF DAMAGE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES. ANY LIABILITY ON THE PART OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, INC. IS STRICTLY LIMITED TO A REFUND OF THE AMOUNT PAID FOR THIS REPORT. Purchaser accepts this Report "AS IS". Any analyses, estimates, ratings, environmental risk levels or risk codes provided in this Report are provided for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to provide, nor should they be interpreted as providing any facts regarding, or prediction or forecast of, any environmental risk for any property. Only a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment performed by an environmental professional can provide information regarding the environmental risk for any property. Additionally, the information provided in this Report is not to be construed as legal advice. Copyright 2019 by Environmental Data Resources, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any media or format, in whole or in part, of any report or map of Environmental Data Resources, Inc., or its affiliates, is prohibited without prior written permission. 5747433 3 2 page- Sanborn Sheet Key This Certified Sanborn Map Report is based upon the following Sanborn Fire Insurance map sheets. 1945 Source Sheets 1945 Volume 1, Sheet 5 1945 Volume 1, Sheet 5 1924 Source Sheets 1924 Volume 1, Sheet 5 5747433 3 3 This Certified Sanborn Map combines the following sheets. Outlined areas indicate map sheets within the collection.0 Feet 150 300 600 - page Certified Sanborn® Map 8A5A-4FEE-AA548A5A-4FEE-AA54 1945 1945 Order Date:08/09/2019 Certification # Site Name: Address: Former Faria-Beede Instruments 42 Pink Row City, ST, ZIP:Uncasville, CT 06382 EDR Inquiry:5747433.3 Client:Down To Earth, LLC Copyright Volume 1, Sheet 5 Volume 1, Sheet 5 5747433 3 4 This Certified Sanborn Map combines the following sheets. Outlined areas indicate map sheets within the collection.0 Feet 150 300 600 - page Certified Sanborn® Map 8A5A-4FEE-AA548A5A-4FEE-AA54 1924 1924 Order Date:08/09/2019 Certification # Site Name: Address: Former Faria-Beede Instruments 42 Pink Row City, ST, ZIP:Uncasville, CT 06382 EDR Inquiry:5747433.3 Client:Down To Earth, LLC Copyright Volume 1, Sheet 5 5747433 3 5 1 CTSRHP Nomination Form (August 2011) Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism Historic Preservation and Museum Division/State Historic Preservation Office CONNECTICUT STATE REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM This form is for use in nominating individual properties and districts to the Connecticut State Register of Historic Places (C.G.S. Chapter 184b, Sec. 10-409(2). See instructions in How to Complete the Connecticut State Register of Historic Places Registration Form. Complete each item by marking “x” in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter “N/A” for “not applicable.” For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets. Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Uncasville Mill Historic District other names/site number 2. Location street & number 42, 46 Pink Row; 3,7, 15, 19, 23, 27, 35 Crescent Street; 5, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 25 Blumenthal Drive; 362 Route 32 (dam) city or town Montville vicinity county New London zip code 06832 not for publication 3. State Agency Certification I hereby certify that this nomination meets does not meet the documentation standards and criteria for registering properties in the Connecticut Register of Historic Places. (See continuation sheet for additional comments.) State Historic Preservation Officer Date 4. Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property (Check as many boxes as apply) (Check only one box) (Do not include previously listed resources in count.) private building(s) Contributing public-local district public-state site 23 buildings public-federal structure 2 sites object 1 structures objects Property Owner name Multiple 26 Total address city state code zip code phone 2 Uncasville Mill Historic District Montville Name of Property Municipality 5. Historic Preservation Council Approval date Comments 6. Function or Use Historic Functions Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) INDUSTRY/PROCESSING/EXTRACTION: manufacturing facility INDUSTRY/PROCESSING/EXTRACTION: waterworks INDUSTRY/PROCESSING/EXTRACTION: manufacturing facility DOMESTIC: institutional housing DOMESTIC: single dwelling COMMERCE/TRADE: business DOMESTIC: multiple dwelling TRANSPORTATION/rail related VACANT: not in use 7. Description Architectural/Archaeological Classification Materials (Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) LATE VICTORIAN: Romanesque n foundation Stone, brick LATE VICTORIAN: Italianate walls Stone, brick, clapboard, synthetics OTHER: Vernacular roof Asphalt shingle, roll material other Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) SEE CONTINUATION SHEET 3 Uncasville Mill Historic District Montville Name of Property Municipality 8. Statement of Significance Applicable Connecticut Register Criteria Levels of Significance (local, state) (Mark “x” in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for State Register listing.) Local 1 That are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to our history and lives of persons significant in our past; or Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions) Architecture 2 That embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or Community planning and development Industry 3 That have yielded, or may be likely to yield information important in prehistory or history. Significant Dates 1823 1848 1964 Significant Person N/A Cultural Affiliation (Complete if Criterion 3 is marked) N/A Architect/Builder Unknown Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) SEE CONTINUATION SHEET Uncasville Mill Historic District Montville Name of Property Municipality 9. Major Bibliographical References 4 Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Baker, Henry A. History of Montville, Connecticut. Hartford: Lockwood & Brainerd Co., 1896. Beers, F. W. Atlas of New London County Connecticut. New York: F. W. Beers, A. D. Ellis & G. G. Soule, 1868. Bicentennial Committee. Montville Connecticut Bicentennial 1786-1986. Montville: Town of Montville, 1986. Chase, Jon B. Montville. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing, 2004. Cunningham, Jan and Elizabeth A. Warner. “480 Route 32.” History and Architectural Resource Survey of the Town of Montville, Connecticut. Hartford: State Historic Preservation Office, 2001. Decker, Robert Owen . The Whaling City: A History of New London. New London: Pequot Press, 1976. in Richard H. Fawcett, ed. “Somewhere in Time: A brief glimpse into Montville’s past with some little attention given to the present.” unpublished monograph . Forino, Michael. “Faria Company.” Connecticut Historic Resource Inventory form. June 22, 2016. Fowler, A. N. “Rhode Island Mill Towns,” Pencil Points, May, 1936. Montville, Conn., Sanborn Map Company, 1924, Sheet 5. Pierson, William H., Jr. Technology and the Picturesque, the Corporate and Gothic Styles. vol. 2, American Buildings and Their Architects. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. Roth, Matthew. Connecticut: An Inventory of Historic Engineering and Industrial Sites. Washington, DC: Society for Industrial Archeology, 1981. Roth, Matthew and John Herzan, “Quinebaug Mill/ Quebec Square Historic District, “ National Register of Historic Places nomination, 1985. Town of Montville Land records, v. 59, 186 and 59, 184. “Founder - In Memory,” Faria Beede Instruments, Inc. http://www.faria-instruments.com/ accessed July 12, 2016. “Railroad Gets OK to Drop Line,” The Day, New London, February 24, 1983. 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property 44 Municipal Map, Block and Lot Number and UTM Coordinate (If possible) (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.) Map Block Lot 1 3 Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing 2 4 See continuation sheet 5 Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) The boundary of the Uncasville Mill Historic District begins at the northwest corner of the property at 35 Crescent Street, runs along he northern border of that property and then turns south on its eastern border until it reaches the northern border of the property at 5 Blumenthal Drive. The border then runs east along the south side of Blumenthal Drive until it reaches the northwest corner of the property at 25 Blumenthal Drive, where it continues east until it reaches Pink Row. It turns south along the west side of Pink row until it reaches the southeast corner of the property at 42 Pink Row, where it turns west to run along the north side of Pink Row until it reaches the southeast corner of the property at 4 Depot Road. It then turns to run along the eastern border of that property and turs west at its northeast corner until it reaches the eastern border of the property at 362 Route 32. The boundary turns south until it reached the southeast corner of this property and then west to run along its southern border. The boundary turns east at the northwest corner of 362 Route 32 until it reaches the southwest corner of the property at 3 Crescent Street, where it turns north to run along the east side of Crescent Street until it reaches it beginning. Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) The boundaries of the district include the property of the Uncasville Mill complex, including the dam that was originally used to power the mill. They also include former worker houses built by the Uncasville Manufacturing Company on Crescent Street and Blumenthal Drive, as well as a former factory store on Crescent Street. 11. Form Prepared By name/title Tod Bryant organization Heritage Resources date July, 15, 2016 street & number 23 Morgan Avenue telephone 203-852-9788 city or town Norwalk state CT zip code 06851 6 CTSRHP Nomination Form (March 2010) Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism Historic Preservation and Museum Division/State Historic Preservation Office CONNECTICUT STATE REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM – Continuation Form Uncasville Mill Historic District Montville Name of Property Municipality Map showing boundaries and location of Uncasville Mill Historic District 7 CTSRHP Nomination Form (March 2010) Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism Historic Preservation and Museum Division/State Historic Preservation Office CONNECTICUT STATE REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM – Continuation Form Uncasville Mill Historic District Montville Name of Property Municipality Narrative Description The Uncasville Mill Historic District includes an intact and functioning nineteenth century mill complex, the dam that was its original source of power, an abandoned railroad right of way and a group of houses built by the mill for its workers. Assets in the district are the nine interconnected buildings of the mill itself, along with one freestanding building (Photos 1-7), the dam and head race to the west of the mill complex Photos (8-10) and part of the former Vermont Central Railway right of way to the north of the mill buildings (Photo 11). It also includes four former millworker houses, a former store and one former mill office on Crescent Street (Photos 12-17), as well as eight former millworker houses on Blumenthal Drive to the north of the mill complex and rail right of way (Photos 18-23). The district encompases approximately 44 acres, with the mill complex property accounting for approximately 10 acres of the total area. The district is roughly bounded on the south by Depot Road and Oakdale Road, on the west by the western boundary of the property around the mill reservoir; on the north by the northern boundary of the mill reservoir property and Blumenthal Drive; on the east by Pink Row. Topographically, the mill complex straddles Oxoboxo Brook on a site that is bounded on the north by a driveway that connects Pink Row and Route 136. The site slopes down to the south from the driveway to the brook, where it levels out until it reaches the southern boundary of the mill property at Depot Road (Route 32). Depot Road rises to the west until it reaches The Norwich – New London Turnpike (Route 163), where it levels off and the dam site to the west. The land rises rapidly to the north of the driveway toward Blumenthal Drive and the Vermont Central Railroad right of way runs east-west along the terraced side of the rising topography. Water flows by gravity from Picker Pond to the mill and then on to the Gat Cemetery Pond and the Thames River to the east. Crescent Street runs north-south up the hill from the northwest corner of the mill site and an intersection with Route 32, to another intersection with Route 32 further north. Blumenthal Drive is a dead end street that runs east along the top of the hill from its intersection with Crescent Street. The perimeter of the mill site is overgrown as is the slope to its north. Land around the dam has been cleared. Crescent Street is a two lane, two-way thoroughfare without sidewalks. Former mill houses are all on the east side of the street and they are set back about fifteen feet on level, open lots with little or no landscaping. There is one dilapidated garage and a Modern union hall outside the boundaries of the district on the west sided of Crescent Street. Blumenthal Drive is a two lane, two-way dead end thoroughfare without sidewalks. Former mill houses are all on the south side of the street. Houses numbered 5, 7, 11 and 15 are set well back from the road with setbacks of about ninety feet. Number 19 is set back fifty-five feet at its center. The houses are on lots that are level in front of the buildings to the north, but slope away sharply toward the mill behind the buildings to the south. The lot at number 5 Blumenthal Drive is heavily wooded and the house cannot be seen from the street. Lots at 7, 11 and 15 have open, level lawns with a few mature trees and a palisade fence between numbers 11 and 15. Number 19 is sited below the grade of the street and the site slopes gently down to the south. There is a small parking lot to its northwest and a row of mailboxes to the east of the parking lot. It is landscaped with a few shrubs at the edge of the street. There is a trailer park outside the boundaries of the district on the north side of Blumenthal Drive. Pink Row is a two lane, two-way thoroughfare without sidewalks that runs north-south along the east border of the district. Connecticut Route 163 is a two lane, two-way thoroughfare without sidewalks that runs east-west along the south border of the mill site. It is called Depot Road between Pink Row and Route 32, where its name changes to Oakdale Road. Norwich-New London Turnpike (Connecticut Route 32) runs north-south through the district between the west border of the mill site and the dam. It is a two lane, two-way thoroughfare without sidewalks. 8 Mill Complex The Uncasville Mill is an intact example of an early ninteenth century cotton mill that has been enlarged with many interconnected additions. All buildings were constructed during the ninteenth or early twentieth cnturies and all are shown in the 1924 Sanborn Map Company map of the area (Figure 1). The entire grouping presents a unified example of a typical Connecticut manufacturing facility of that era. The original, four story, stone and brick mill building and c.1900 smokestack dominate the site. Later additions are all of brick construction and no more than two stories in height. All mill buildings are still in use and retain a high degree of integrity, except that nearly all windows were replaced in 2008. The entire mill complex shares the same street address, but each building is numbered in the sketch map in Figure 2. Building descriptions are keyed to this map. Building 1. This is the orignal mill building constructed in 1823. It is five stories tall and measures 42 feet wide by 122 feet long. The walls of the lower four stories are of random ashlar granite with a rough finish. The upper section of the gable ends are brick and there is a full height brick stair tower on its north elevation. A cupola and bell that once sumounted the stair tower (Figure 3) has been removed. It has a gable roof covered in asphalt shingles with a clerestory monitor that runs the full width of the roof on the east and west elevations. Window openings are rectangular with granite lintels and sills. This building is connected to Building 2 on its west elevation and to buildings 3 and 5 on its west elevation (Photos 1 and 2). Building 2. This is a one and one half story end gable brick building with a gable roof covered in asphalt shingles. It has a corbelled brick cornice and rows of eight windows with granite sills on its north and south elevations. The corbelled brick cornice continues onto the façade. There is a doorway surmounted with a stone arch on the north side of the façade and an opening surmounted by a granite lintel in the center of the façade. This opening has wood shingles at its top a window on its north side and a door on its south side. There is a single window with rusticated granite lintle and sill in the gable. This building is connected to Building 1 at its west elevation (Photo 3). Building 3 is a two story end gable brick building with a low-pitched roof covered in roll roofing material. It has a corbeled table at the corince with rows of dentils. There are rows of six windows with rusticated granite sills and arched cobbeled lintels on both stories of its north and south elevations and two identical windows on each story of its east elevation. This buiding is attached to Building 1 on its west elevation and to Building 4 by an enclosed bridge on the center of the second story of its east elevation (Photo 4). Building 4 is a a two story end gable brick building with a low-pitched roof with exposed rafter tails. The roof is covered in roll roofing material. It has three, widely spaced windows with rusticated granite sills and arched cobbeled lintels on both stories of its north and south elevations and a row of round iron wall ties at the cornice and in the center of these elevations. There is an enclosed entrance centered on the façade and a single window in the gable. This buiding is attached to Building 3 by an enclosed bridge on the center of the second story of its west elevation (Photo 5). These buildings are almost unchanged since 1940, as shown in a photograph by Jack Delano for the Office of War Information (Figure 4). Building 5 is a brick two story former powerhouse with a flat roof. It has a 150 foot tall, yellow brick chimney, built c. 1900, attached to its east elevation. The chimney has the words “Faria Meter” in black block letters on 9 its west elevation. This building is attached to Building 1 on its west elevation and to Building 6 on its east elevation. Building 6, along with Buildings 5 and 7, form a continuous structure that extends east from Building 1. A narrwow ell runs from the center of the south elevation of Building 7 to connect it to the north elevation Building 9. Oxoboxo Brook (the former tail race of the mill) runs under the center of the ell. It is a one story brick building with a low-pitched gable roof covered in built-up roll material. There are rows of wide windows with rusticated granite sills in arched openings on the north and south elevations, with four similar, but smaller, windows on the east elevation(Photo 6). These buildings are also relatively unchanged since 1940 (Figure 5). Building 8 is perpendicular to the center of Building 5 and it connects it to Building 9. It is a brick, one story building with a low pitched roof covered in built-up roll material. It has rows of windows with rusticated granite sills in arched openings on the east and west elevations. Oxoboxo Brook (the former tail race of the mill) runs under the center of this building. Building 9 is to the south of and paralell to, the Building 5-6-7 complex, to which it is connected on its north elevation by Building 8 and the ell of Building 7. It is a brick, one story building with a low pitched roof covered in built-up roll material. It has rows of windows with rusticated granite sills in arched openings on the east and west elevations. There is an entrance centered on its façade (east elevation) (Photos 1 and 7). Building 10 is a brick, one story building with a low pitched roof covered in roll roofing material. It has rows of windows with rusticated granite sills in arched openings on all elevations. Dam The Uncasville Mill was originally powered by water from Oxoboxo Brook. The flow of the brook was not powerful enough by itself to turn the mill’s waterwheel. Mill owners followed standard practice for the time and built a dam to increase water pressure. The dam retains a high degree of integrity. The system is centered on a granite dam and spillway located west of the mill on the west side of Route 32 (Photo 8). A granite retaining wall extends south from the spillway toward Route 163(Photo 9). The granite-strewn remains of the head race are located north of the spillway (Photo 10). Railroad Right-of-way The Vermont Central Railroad right-of-way runs east west along a 20 foot wide terraced section of the hillside on the north of the mill property. The tracks have been removed. A short section of the eastern section of the right-of-way has been paved for use as a driveway, but the remainer remains unpaved (Photo 11). Mill Worker Houses All existing houses on Crescent Street and Blumenthal Drive appear on the Uncasville inset of the map of the Town of Montville in the Atlas of New London County, published in 1868 (Figure 6).1 Most of them are identified as tenant houses belonging to the Uncasville Manufacturing Company, the owner of the mill at that time. A history of Montville states that the houses were built by the mill about 1840 when it belonged to 1 F. W. Beers, Atlas of New London County Connecticut, W. W. Beers, A. D. Ellis & G. G. Soule (New York: 1868). 10 theLewis brothers. 2 The exceptions are 23 and 25 Blumenthal Drive, which are identified as tenant houses for the Johnson Wood Dye Works. However, deed research reveals that these houses were later acquired by the Sidney Blumenthal Company, when it owned the mill.3 The houses at 3, 7 and 35 Crescent Street and 5 Blumenthal Drive retain a very high degree of architectural integrity. Other houses have been covered in vinyl siding and have been modified to some extent, but they retain their original form and location. Both streets are excellent suviving examples of small-scale mill worker housing. Crescent Street There are six contributing buildings on the east side of Crescent treet between it southern intersection with Route 32 and the beginning of Blumenthal Drive and one contributing building on the east side of Crescent Street, north of Blumenthal Drive. 3 Crescent Street, c. 1840, is a two story, wood frame, cross gable Vernaclur dwelling with a porch on the south side of its façade. It is larger than the worker houses to the north of it and has more decorative elements. Windows on the first story and in the gable have dentiled lintels and the main entrance is surmounted by a small hood supported by decorative brackets with pendants. Ut is buitl into the side of the hill has an extra story on its east elevation. (Photos 12 and 13). 5 Crescent Street, c.1840, is a one and one-half story, wood frame, Side Gable Vernacular building that faces west onto Crescent Street. It has a one story, full-width enclosed porch with a hipped roof on the façade and two hipped dormers. The house is covered in vinyls sidingand all windows are replacement units. The roof is covered in asphalt shingles. It retains its original form and, much of its fenestration pattern (Photo 14). 15 Crescent Street, c. 1840, is a one story, side gable Romanesque brick building with an exposed ashlar stone foundation with a rusticated finish. It has a brick center chimney and the roof is covered with asphalt shingles. The building faces south, rather than facing he street to its west. Its entrance is centered on a one bay deep ell with a flat roof in the center of the façade. The doorway is surmounted by a fanlight set into a round arch. All windows are original one-over-one wood sash with rusticated granite sills and flat arched litels. There is a bracketed table at the cornice of the main block and the entry ell (Photo 15). The realtionship of this building to the mill is clear in a 1940 Office of War Information photograph (Figure 7) 19, 23 and 27 Crescent Street, c.1840 These three houses are identical examples of mid nineteenth century mill-built worker housing. They are all the east end of their north elevations. They all have one story porches that wrap around their north elevations and the ell (the northen section has been conveted into a car port on number 23). Porches are protected by shed roofs that are supported by square columns. They all have a single window in the gable. All are now covered in vinyl siding and the porch of 23 Crescent Street has been enclosed, but they retain their original form, fenestration patterns and architectural character (Photo 16). 35 Crescent Street, c.1840 This Cross Gable Vernacular home is an unchanged example of the houses further south on Crescent Street and it features Greek Revival decorative elements. The house retains its original trim, clapboard siding on its body 2 Henry A. Baker, History of Montville Connecticut (Hartford: Lockwood $& Brainerd Co., 1896) 625. 3 Town of Montville Land records, v. 59, 186 and v.59, 184. 11 and wood shingles on the porch knee wall. It also features a porch that spans the façade, wraps around the north elevation of the main block and continues onto the west elevation of the ell. It has a roof overhang supported by modillions on the façade and on the north elevation of the ell. The window in the gable has a simple, flat pediment and the window surround has typical Greek Revival “ears.” This Greek Revival motif continues on windows on the first story and the door surround at the main entrance. (Photos 17 and 18). Blumenthal Drive The houses at 5 and 7 Blumenthal Drive (c.1840) are much simpler in form and ornament than those on Crescent Street. They are both one story Side Gable Vernacular homes that face north onto Blumentthal Drive. As the south elevation of number 5 reveals, they were built with wide clapboard siding and brick center chimneys (Photo 19). Both houses were built at the peak of a hill and they have exposed basement walls on their south elevations. Number 7 has been covered in vinyl siding, but it retains its original form and fenestration pattern (Photo 20). Numbers 11 and 15 Blumenthal Drive also have exposed basement walls on their south elevations. They appear on the 1924 Sanborn Map Company fire insurance map as two family dwellings, but they have been converted to single family occupancy.4 They have also been covered in viyl sidning, but the retain their original form and, except for the façade of number 15, their original fenestration patterns (Photo 21). The unusual building form at 19 Blumenthal Drive appears on the 1924 Sanborn as a three family dwelling and it continues to be used as such in 2016. It is covered in vinyl siding, but it retains its original form (Photo 22).5 23 and 25 Blumenthal Drive (c.1840) These houses are similar to those on Crescent Street, but they were built by a different mill owner. They are one and one half story, wood frame End Gable Vernacular houses with a one story kitchen ell centered on their west elevations. The mill for which they were built, the Johnson Dye Wood Works, was located to the west of these houses at the mouth of Oxoboxo Brook, so their facades are oriented in that direction (Photo 23).. Noncontributing The only noncontributing building in the district is the Ranch house at 46 Pink Row. It was built in 1988 on a lot previously ocupied by a two family mill worker house.6 4 Montville, Conn., Sanborn Map Company, 1924, Sheet 5. 5 Ibid. 6 Town of Montville Tax Assessor, Vision Property Card, 46 Pink Row. 12 Uncasville Mill Historic District Inventory Number Street Style Contributing/ Noncontributing 5 Blumenthal Drive Side Gable Vernacular Contributing 7 Blumenthal Drive Side Gable Vernacular Contributing 11 Blumenthal Drive Side Gable Vernacular Contributing 15 Blumenthal Drive Side Gable Vernacular Contributing 19 Blumenthal Drive Side Gable Vernacular Contributing 23 Blumenthal Drive Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 25 Blumenthal Drive Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 3 Crescent Street Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 7 Crescent Street Side Gable Vernacular Contributing 15 Crescent Street Romanesque Contributing 19 Crescent Street Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 23 Crescent Street Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 27 Crescent Street Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 35 Crescent Street Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 42 Pink Row Factory, Italianate Contributing 46 Pink Row Ranch Noncontributing 362 Route 32 Dam and pond Contributing 13 CTSRHP Nomination Form (March 2010) Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism Historic Preservation and Museum Division/State Historic Preservation Office CONNECTICUT STATE REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM – Continuation Form Uncasville Mill Historic District Montville Name of Property Municipality Narrative Statement of Significance The Uncasville Mill Historic District is significant under Criterion 1 because it was one of the earliest cotton mills in Connecticut and only the second mill to be built in Uncasville. It is the oldest surviving mill on Oxoboxo Brook and the only one still in industrial use. It is also significant because of the surviving mill worker housing built by the Uncasville Manufacturing Company and the Johnson Dye Wood Works in the mid-nineteenth century. It is significant under Criterion 2 because of the design of the original mill building, constructed in 1823, and its later additions. The design of the original building is one of the earliest American mill building forms and it is one of the few existing examples with such a high degree of integrity. The design and layout of the mill worker housing on Crescent Street and Blumenthal Drive is typical of early mill villages in Connecticut. Uncasville Uncasville is a village located in the southeast corner of the Town of Montville, Connecticut. Montville is on the west bank of the Thames River, about halfway between Norwich to the north and New London to the south. It was once known as the North Parish of the Town of New London (established 1646), but it was made a separate town in 1786.7 The land where the town was founded was first occupied by the Mohegan tribe under its chief, Uncas (c.1588-c.1683). Uncas allied himself with the English Settlers during the Pequot War of 1634-1638 and he was treated with great respect by the Colonial government. An agreement with Governor John Winthrop, Jr. in 1646 gave Uncas control of a large parcel of land on the west bank of the Thames River from the north bank of the Cochiknack (now Oxoboxo) or Saw Mill Brook. The south bank of Oxoboxo Brook was set at the northern boundary of New London. Despite the fact that Colonial law at that time prohibited individuals from contracting with the Indians for land, Uncas made many grants of property to colonists. Samuel Rogers had a long, friendly relationship with Uncas and he was given a valuable tract of land on the north side of Saw Mill (Oxoboxo) Brook near the Thames River in 1670. Rogers built a fortified homestead on the property and thus became the first European settler on Mohegan land. Uncas and his warriors were frequent guests in the Rogers home and the area became known as Uncasville.8 The Uncasville Mill The Industrial Revolution in the United States can be said to have started with Samuel Slater’s 1793 cotton mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Previous attempts at large scale textile production in the United States had failed due to lack of proper equipment and organizational skills. 9 Samuel Slater (1768-1835) arrived in New York in 1789 after having spent six years apprenticed to Jedidiah Strutt (1796-1797) at his Milford textile mills in England. Strutt and his partner, Richard Arkwright (1732-1792), had established the first commercially successful cotton mill in England. They made use of Arkwright’s invention of the roller spinning frame and his improvements of the carding engine, both of which replaced human hands with machines. These inventions made it possible to economically produce large qualities of cotton cloth in 7 “History,” Town of Montville, http://www.townofmontville.org/Content/History/ , accessed July 10, 2016. 8 Baker, History of Montville, 71-72. 9 Charles Edwin Case, “New England Textile Mills and the Mill Village,” unpublished monograph, University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries, 20. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00103257/00001/1x , accessed July 11, 2016. 14 a single building.10 The mills were first established In Nottingham, where they relied on horsepower to run the machinery. Rapid success and the need to increase production led Strutt and Arkwright to move their operation to the confluence of two rivers in Cromford, where they built a water powered mill in 1771.11 Slater’s Pawtucket mill used the same principles that had made the English mills so successful. 12 He built his own versions of Arkwright’s machines from memory and installed them in a water powered mill.13 In so doing, he set the pattern for the mills that initiated the Industrial Revolution in the United States. Uncasville Manufacturing Company History Oxoboxo Brook falls 350 feet in the six miles from its source at Oxoboxo Lake to its mouth at the Thames River. It was quickly recognized by early settlers as a good source of water power. The first mill privilege on it was granted in 1653 for a sawmill that was built in Uncasville near the mouth of the brook.14 In 1798, this mill site became the location of the first water powered mill in the United States to produce woolen cloth. This mill would later become the Johnson Dye Wood Works.15 The second mill privilege on Oxoboxo Brook was granted to Levi Lester for a grist mill in 1794. The site and its water rights were purchased by Peter Richards and his son, Henry R. Richards, in 1823. That same year, the Richards’ built the stone mill building that was to become the core of the Uncasville Manufacturing Company.16 They were following a trend in American business that led to the establishment of many textile mills in the northeast. A strong market for domestically produced cloth was created by a combination of The Embargo Act of 1807, which banned imported goods from entering the United States, and the disruption of commerce during the War of 1812. Investors were quick to see that cotton grown in the American south and processed into cloth in New England was a natural combination.17 The Richards’ business failed and the mill was purchased by brothers Charles A. and George R. Lewis in 1830. The Lewis brothers presided over one of the most successful eras in the history of the mill. Historian Henry A. Baker, writing in 1896, states, “Since that time [the Lewis’ purchase of the mill] the business has been carried on successfully, and many improvements have been made by the company in the erection of new tenement houses and enlargement of the mill.”18 They incorporated as the Uncasville Manufacturing Company in 1848 and began building the brick additions to the original mill shortly thereafter.19 After the death of the last of the Lewis brothers, the mill came into the possession of Charles A. White, who also owned an interest in a mill in Versailles, Connecticut. The principal product of this operation was denim and the two mills together produced 7 million yards of it annually by the end of the nineteenth century.20 The business was purchased by the Sidney Blumenthal Company in 1923. This concern also had a mill in Shelton, Connecticut and the Uncasville mill became known as the Uncasville-Shelton Mill.21 The Blumenthal Company produced cotton plush and other upholstery products in Uncasville until the1960s. The Mill complex was purchased in 10 Case, “New England Textile Mills,” 9. 11 Ibid., 16. 12 Ibid., 23. 13 Russell F. Whitehead, A. N. Fowler, “Rhode Island Mill Towns,” 14 Matthew Roth, Connecticut: An Inventory of Historic Engineering and Industrial Sites (Washington, DC: Society for Industrial Archeology, 1981) 218. 15 Baker, History of Montville, 623-624. 16 Ibid., 624-625. 17 William H. Pierson, Jr., Technology and the Picturesque, the Corporate and Gothic Styles, vol. 2, American Buildings and Their Architects (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978) 45. 18 Baker, History of Montville, 625. 19 Jon B. Chase, Montville (Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing, 2004) 74. 20 Bicentennial Committee, Montville Connecticut Bicentennial 1786-1986 (Montville: Town of Montville, 1986) 21 Michael Forino, “Faria Company,” Connecticut Historic Resource Inventory form, June 22, 2016. 15 1964 by the Richard G. Faria Company (now Faria Beede Instruments, Inc.) which continues to manufacture gauges and other instruments for vehicles and boats in the mill buildings.22 Its Architecture The stone, 1823 Mill building is the most architecturally significant in the mill complex. Its design is directly linked to Arkwright’s English mills and to early nineteenth century American factory design innovations. Arkwright’s “Lower Mill” built in Cromford in 1777, included an element that would influence the design of almost every American mill in the early nineteenth century. In this building, he raised a section of the roof on both sides of the ridge and added a continuous row of clerestory windows that spanned the entire length of the building. It also included a cupola at the gable end of the building.23 The monitor roof form, which later became known simply as the “factory roof,” increased the height and illumination of the attic work space to make it more productive. It also, “…gave a new vigor and monumentality to the factory, qualities unmatched in any other building type.”24 The Uncasville Mill building takes full advantage of this element (Photo 1). The Uncasville Mill building also has a tower on its north elevation. The tower was originally surmounted by a cupola with a bell (Figures XX and XX). The tower first appeared on American mill buildings as early as 1816 at the Boston Manufacturing Company in Waltham, Massachusetts and this element was in general use by the time the Uncasville Mill was constructed. Towers were usually used for stairs, as this one is, and sometimes for toilets or fire protection equipment.25 The Uncasville Mill’s tower at the gable end of the building and its steeple-like cupola/ bell tower recall the form of the New England meetinghouse. These two buildings served distinctly different purposes, but both were monumental structures that demanded special attention and both were centers of community activity. Both institutions used their bells to call the community to them – the church for worship and the factory for work (Photo xx).26 Later brick additions to the mill complex, all of which were probably added during the ownership of the Lewis Brothers, followed the Italianate architectural style preferences of their era of construction. Characteristic design elements include the low pitched roofs and arched windows seen on these buildings (Photos 1-7). Mill Village When Strutt and Arkwright decided to build their new mill near a source of water power, rather than a population center, they realized that they would have to attract and house workers. The Uncasville inset on the 1868 map from the Beers Atlas of New London County shows buildings identified as “Tenant Hoses Uncasville Mfg. Co.” (Uncasville Manufacturing Company), on what are now Crescent Street and Blumenthal Drive. This map also identifies five houses as “Tenant Houses Johnson,” which refers to the nearby Johnson Dye Wood Works. Along with these houses the map identifies a store, a school and a Methodist Episcopal Church. A building identified as, “Superintendent’s House” is just to the north of the group of tenant houses.27 Taken together, this grouping constitutes a classic New England Mill Village. It is not as large as some later mill villages in Connecticut, but it serves the same purpose. The district contains many of the key elements of the type: the rows of nearly identical worker houses, a larger house for boarding single workers, the company store, a school and the mill buildings themselves. Some houses outside the district are shown as belonging to the Uncasville Manufacturing Company and they may have been used by them as worker housing. However, it is also likely that these building were part of their strategy to protect water rights on 22 “Founder - In Memory,” Faria Beede Instruments, Inc. http://www.faria-instruments.com/ accessed July 12, 2016. 23 Pierson, Jr., Technology and the Picturesque, the Corporate and Gothic Styles, 32. 24 Ibid., 42. 25 Ibid., 46-47. 26 Ibid. 43. 27 F. W. Beers, Atlas of New London County Connecticut. 16 Oxoboxo Brook. The company owned almost every house in the area for a short period of time. They would purchase a property and then sell it a few years later, while retaining its riparian rights.28 The worker houses are a relatively well-preserved example of company-built housing found throughout eastern Connecticut. It is not as large as some later mill villages in Connecticut, but it serves the same purpose of housing workers near their jobs. The district originally contained the key elements of the type, including rows of nearly identical worker houses, a larger house for boarding single workers, a store, a church or chapel, a school and the mill buildings themselves. The store has been converted into a single family residence and the school, church and chapel have been demolished, but the rows of nearly identical worker houses remain. Several motives were involved in the creation of a mill village. Perhaps the most important was the necessity to house workers in otherwise remote areas that were not ready for a rapid population increase. A second, more self-serving motive, involved binding the workers closer to the company by making them dependent on it for housing, as well as nearly all of their daily needs. There was also a paternalistic element to mill villages, since houses such as those in Uncasville were clearly intended to provide very adequate accommodations for workers who might otherwise be unable to afford good housing. “Rents in the 1850s ranged from $35 to $55 annually at a time when unskilled male labor brought $.75 to $1.00 a day.”29 In terms of planning, the Uncasville mill village represents the first stage of company towns, when mill owners most often simply constructed the worker houses in a line along nearby roads. Architecturally, the houses in the village are typical of the type: plainly detailed vernacular buildings, some with multiple entries, and chimneys near the center of the roof. The relationship between architectural ornament and social status is clear on Crescent Street and even more pronounced on Blumenthal Drive.. The “Supt.’s House” (Superintendent’s House) labeled on the Beers map has been identified with the Johnson Dye Wood Works.30 However, he 1869 map identifies one residence near the south end or the street with W. R. Wood.31 The United States Census of Montville for 1850 identifies Willet R. Wood as a “Manufacturer.” 32 In 1860, he is listed as, “Superintendent of Mill.”33 By 1870, he is shown as a, “Cotton Manufacturer.”34 The exact house could have been either of the first two houses at the south end of Crescent Street. Based on the location of the house and his identification with a cotton mill, it is likely that he was the Superintendent of the Uncasville Mill. The southernmost house, 3 Crescent Street, has a slightly higher level of ornamentation, including dentiled lintels at each window and small hood supported by decorative brackets with pendants Photos 13 and 13). The house at 5 Crescent Street is smaller and is unlikely to have been a Superintendent’s house for over twenty years (Photo 14). Ornament on the house at 35 Crescent Street, the only one other than 3 and 15 Crescent Street, with its trim intact, is simpler and flatter, except for modillions at the roof overhangs. These houses may have been meant for managers (Photo 17 and 18). The houses on Blumenthal Drive were clearly meant for ordinary workers. They are smaller, simpler in design and, based on the unsided example at 5 Blumenthal Drive, lack all ornament (Photo 19). The masonry building at 15 Crescent Street appears on the 1868 map as a store, probably the Company Store.35 It later became the mill paymaster’s office and then a doctor’s office (Photos15).36 It is currently vacant. By the middle of the twentieth century, all of these buildings were still owned by the Sidney Blumenthal Company. They were all sold to private owners between June and September of 1954 and they remain in private hands in 2016.37 28 Bicentennial Committee, Montville Connecticut Bicentennial 1786-1986. 29 Matthew Roth and John Herzan, “Quinebaug Mill/ Quebec Square Historic District, “ National Register of Historic Places nomination, 1985. 30 Jan Cunningham ND Elizabeth A. Warner, “480 Route 32,” History and Architectural Resource Survey of the Town of Montville, Connecticut (Hartford: State Historic Preservation Office, 2001). 31 F. W. Beers, Atlas of New London County Connecticut. 32 US Census Montville 1850 33 US Census Montville 1860 34 US Census Montville 1870 35 F. W. Beers, Atlas of New London County Connecticut. 36 Bicentennial Committee, Montville Connecticut Bicentennial 1786-1986. 37 Town of Montville land records, 17 Railroad Right-of-way An abandoned railroad right-of-way runs east-west near the base of the steep slope on the north side of the mill site. It was built c.1850 for the tracks of the New London, Willimantic and Palmer Railroad. The first train on this line ran from New London to Palmer, a distance of 66 miles, in three hours, twenty minutes on August 31, 1850. It was never as successful as its investors had hoped, partly because of the number of other railroads in the area at the time. It eventually merged with the New London Northern Railroad and, after a number of other mergers, the tracks became the property of the Central Vermont Railroad System. 38 The Uncasville route was abandoned in 1983.39 38 Robert Owen Decker, The Whaling City: A History of New London (New London: Pequot Press, ) 1976. in Richard H. Fawcett, ed., “Somewhere in Time: A brief glimpse into Montville’s past with some little attention given to the present,” unpublished monograph . 39 “Railroad Gets OK to Drop Line,” The Day, New London, February 24, 1983. 18 CTSRHP Nomination Form (March 2010) Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism Historic Preservation and Museum Division/State Historic Preservation Office CONNECTICUT STATE REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM – Continuation Form Uncasville Mill Historic District Montville Name of Property Municipality Geographic Data Latitude - Longitude WGS84 Point latitude longitude 1 41.0560045 -73.55468591 2 41.05927355 -73.55526896 3 41.06002668 -73.55442206 4 41.06012639 -73.55325487 5 41.06078229 -73.55365576 6 41.06179265 -73.55417182 7 41.06491718 -73.55436134 8 41.06501306 -73.55373797 9 41.0659551 -73.55421293 10 41.06702479 -73.55388358 11 41.06697075 -73.55289569 12 41.06632032 -73.55106439 13 41.06683299 -73.55079869 14 41.06650455 -73.54979738 15 41.06616376 -73.54947086 16 41.06582176 -73.55149145 17 41.06095754 -73.55041449 18 41.06117119 -73.54821117 19 41.06073715 -73.54813536 20 41.05887669 -73.54816302 21 41.05811761 -73.54986605 22 41.05815953 -73.55149828 23 41.05648803 -73.55067203 24 41.05603882 -73.55058595 25 41.0561741 -73.55303511 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Uncasville Mill Historic District Photo Key 1, 2, 7 3 6 5 4 8 10 9 11 11 13 14 16 15 18 17 20 19 21 23 22 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 1 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. 1. Name of Property Historic name: Uncasville Mill Historic District ___________________________________ Other names/site number: ______________________________________ Name of related multiple property listing: ___________________________________________________________ (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Location Street & number: _42, 46 Pink Row; 3,7, 15, 19, 23, 27, 35 Crescent Street; 5, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 25 Blumenthal Drive; 362 Route 32 (dam and pond)_ ________________ City or town: Montville __________ State: CT____________ County: New London_ Not For Publication: Vicinity: ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ___ meets ___ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: ___national ___statewide ___local Applicable National Register Criteria: ___A ___B ___C ___D Signature of certifying official/Title: Date ______________________________________________ State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of commenting official: Date Title : State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 1-6 page 2 ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register determined eligible for the National Register determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain:) _____________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Signature of the Keeper Date of Action ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply.) Private: Public – Local Public – State Public – Federal Category of Property (Check only one box.) Building(s) District Site Structure Object X X United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 3 Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count) Contributing Noncontributing _____23________ ______1_______ buildings ______2_______ _____________ sites ______1______ _____________ structures _____________ _____________ objects ______26_______ _______1_______ Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register _________ 6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) ___________________ INDUSTRY/PROCESSING/EXTRACTION: manufacturing facility INDUSTRY/PROCESSING/EXTRACTION: waterworks DOMESTIC: institutional housing COMMERCE/TRADE: business TRANSPORTATION/rail related Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 4 INDUSTRY/PROCESSING/EXTRACTION: manufacturing facility DOMESTIC: single dwelling DOMESTIC: multiple dwelling _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Description Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions.) LATE VICTORIAN: Romanesque LATE VICTORIAN: Italianate OTHER: Vernacular ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ Materials: (enter categories from instructions.) Principal exterior materials of the property: __Stone, brick, weatherboard synthetics, asphalt shingle, roll roofing__ Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current physical appearance and condition of the property. Describe contributing and noncontributing resources if applicable. Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, type, style, method of construction, setting, size, and significant features. Indicate whether the property has historic integrity.) ______________________________________________________________________________ Summary Paragraph The Uncasville Mill Historic District includes an intact and functioning nineteenth century mill complex, the dam that was its original source of power, an abandoned railroad right of way and a group of houses built by the mill for its workers. Assets in the district are the nine interconnected buildings of the mill itself, along with one freestanding building (Photos 1-7), the dam and head race to the west of the mill complex Photos (8-10) and part of the former Vermont Central Railway right of way to the north of the mill buildings (Photo 11). It also includes four former millworker houses, a former store and one former mill office on Crescent Street (Photos 12-17), as well as eight former millworker houses on United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 5 Blumenthal Drive to the north of the mill complex and rail right of way (Photos 18-23). The district encompases approximately 44 acres, with the mill complex property accounting for approximately 10 acres of the total area. The district is roughly bounded on the south by Depot Road and Oakdale Road, on the west by the western boundary of the property around the mill reservoir; on the north by the northern boundary of the mill reservoir property and Blumenthal Drive; on the east by Pink Row. Topographically, the mill complex straddles Oxoboxo Brook on a site that is bounded on the north by a driveway that connects Pink Row and Route 136. The site slopes down to the south from the driveway to the brook, where it levels out until it reaches the southern boundary of the mill property at Depot Road (Route 32). Depot Road rises to the west until it reaches The Norwich – New London Turnpike (Route 163), where it levels off and the dam site to the west. The land rises rapidly to the north of the driveway toward Blumenthal Drive and the Vermont Central Railroad right of way runs east-west along the terraced side of the rising topography. Water flows by gravity from Picker Pond to the mill and then on to the Gat Cemetery Pond and the Thames River to the east. Crescent Street runs north-south up the hill from the northwest corner of the mill site and an intersection with Route 32, to another intersection with Route 32 further north. Blumenthal Drive is a dead end street that runs east along the top of the hill from its intersection with Crescent Street. The perimeter of the mill site is overgrown as is the slope to its north. Land around the dam has been cleared. Crescent Street is a two lane, two-way thoroughfare without sidewalks. Former mill houses are all on the east side of the street and they are set back about fifteen feet on level, open lots with little or no landscaping. There is one dilapidated garage and a Modern union hall outside the boundaries of the district on the west sided of Crescent Street. Blumenthal Drive is a two lane, two-way dead end thoroughfare without sidewalks. Former mill houses are all on the south side of the street. Houses numbered 5, 7, 11 and 15 are set well back from the road with setbacks of about ninety feet. Number 19 is set back fifty-five feet at its center. The houses are on lots that are level in front of the buildings to the north, but slope away sharply toward the mill behind the buildings to the south. The lot at number 5 Blumenthal Drive is heavily wooded and the house cannot be seen from the street. Lots at 7, 11 and 15 have open, level lawns with a few mature trees and a palisade fence between numbers 11 and 15. Number 19 is sited below the grade of the street and the site slopes gently down to the south. There is a small parking lot to its northwest and a row of mailboxes to the east of the parking lot. It is landscaped with a few shrubs at the edge of the street. There is a trailer park outside the boundaries of the district on the north side of Blumenthal Drive. Pink Row is a two lane, two-way thoroughfare without sidewalks that runs north-south along the east border of the district. Connecticut Route 163 is a two lane, two-way thoroughfare without sidewalks that runs east-west along the south border of the mill site. It is called Depot Road between Pink Row and Route 32, where its name changes to Oakdale Road. Norwich-New London Turnpike (Connecticut Route 32) runs north-south through the district between the west border of the mill site and the dam. It is a two lane, two-way thoroughfare without sidewalks. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 6 ______________________________________________________________________________ Narrative Description Mill Complex The Uncasville Mill is an intact example of an early ninteenth century cotton mill that has been enlarged with many interconnected additions. All buildings were constructed during the ninteenth or early twentieth cnturies and all are shown in the 1924 Sanborn Map Company map of the area (Figure 1). The entire grouping presents a unified example of a typical Connecticut manufacturing facility of that era. The original, four story, stone and brick mill building and c.1900 smokestack dominate the site. Later additions are all of brick construction and no more than two stories in height. All mill buildings are still in use and retain a high degree of integrity, except that nearly all windows were replaced in 2008. The entire mill complex shares the same street address, but each building is numbered in the sketch map in Figure 2. Building descriptions are keyed to this map. Building 1. This is the orignal mill building constructed in 1823. It is five stories tall and measures 42 feet wide by 122 feet long. The walls of the lower four stories are of random ashlar granite with a rough finish. The upper section of the gable ends are brick and there is a full height brick stair tower on its north elevation. A cupola and bell that once sumounted the stair tower (Figure 3) has been removed. It has a gable roof covered in asphalt shingles with a clerestory monitor that runs the full width of the roof on the east and west elevations. Window openings are rectangular with granite lintels and sills. This building is connected to Building 2 on its west elevation and to buildings 3 and 5 on its west elevation (Photos 1 and 2). Building 2. This is a one and one half story end gable brick building with a gable roof covered in asphalt shingles. It has a corbelled brick cornice and rows of eight windows with granite sills on its north and south elevations. The corbelled brick cornice continues onto the façade. There is a doorway surmounted with a stone arch on the north side of the façade and an opening surmounted by a granite lintel in the center of the façade. This opening has wood shingles at its top a window on its north side and a door on its south side. There is a single window with rusticated granite lintle and sill in the gable. This building is connected to Building 1 at its west elevation (Photo 3). United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 7 Building 3 is a two story end gable brick building with a low-pitched roof covered in roll roofing material. It has a corbeled table at the corince with rows of dentils. There are rows of six windows with rusticated granite sills and arched cobbeled lintels on both stories of its north and south elevations and two identical windows on each story of its east elevation. This buiding is attached to Building 1 on its west elevation and to Building 4 by an enclosed bridge on the center of the second story of its east elevation (Photo 4). Building 4 is a a two story end gable brick building with a low-pitched roof with exposed rafter tails. The roof is covered in roll roofing material. It has three, widely spaced windows with rusticated granite sills and arched cobbeled lintels on both stories of its north and south elevations and a row of round iron wall ties at the cornice and in the center of these elevations. There is an enclosed entrance centered on the façade and a single window in the gable. This buiding is attached to Building 3 by an enclosed bridge on the center of the second story of its west elevation (Photo 5). These buildings are almost unchanged since 1940, as shown in a photograph by Jack Delano for the Office of War Information (Figure 4). Building 5 is a brick two story former powerhouse with a flat roof. It has a 150 foot tall, yellow brick chimney, built c. 1900, attached to its east elevation. The chimney has the words “Faria Meter” in black block letters on its west elevation. This building is attached to Building 1 on its west elevation and to Building 6 on its east elevation. Building 6, along with Buildings 5 and 7, form a continuous structure that extends east from Building 1. A narrwow ell runs from the center of the south elevation of Building 7 to connect it to the north elevation Building 9. Oxoboxo Brook (the former tail race of the mill) runs under the center of the ell. It is a one story brick building with a low-pitched gable roof covered in built-up roll material. There are rows of wide windows with rusticated granite sills in arched openings on the north and south elevations, with four similar, but smaller, windows on the east elevation(Photo 6). These buildings are also relatively unchanged since 1940 (Figure 5). Building 8 is perpendicular to the center of Building 5 and it connects it to Building 9. It is a brick, one story building with a low pitched roof covered in built-up roll material. It has rows of windows with rusticated granite sills in arched openings on the east and west elevations. Oxoboxo Brook (the former tail race of the mill) runs under the center of this building. Building 9 is to the south of and paralell to, the Building 5-6-7 complex, to which it is connected on its north elevation by Building 8 and the ell of Building 7. It is a brick, one story building with a low pitched roof covered in built-up roll material. It has rows of windows with rusticated granite sills in arched openings on the east and west elevations. There is an entrance centered on its façade (east elevation) (Photos 1 and 7). Building 10 is a brick, one story building with a low pitched roof covered in roll roofing material. It has rows of windows with rusticated granite sills in arched openings on all elevations. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 8 Dam The Uncasville Mill was originally powered by water from Oxoboxo Brook. The flow of the brook was not powerful enough by itself to turn the mill’s waterwheel. Mill owners followed standard practice for the time and built a dam to increase water pressure. The dam retains a high degree of integrity. The system is centered on a granite dam and spillway located west of the mill on the west side of Route 32 (Photo 8). A granite retaining wall extends south from the spillway toward Route 163(Photo 9). The granite-strewn remains of the head race are located north of the spillway (Photo 10). Railroad Right-of-way The Vermont Central Railroad right-of-way runs east west along a 20 foot wide terraced section of the hillside on the north of the mill property. The tracks have been removed. A short section of the eastern section of the right-of-way has been paved for use as a driveway, but the remainer remains unpaved (Photo 11). Mill Worker Houses All existing houses on Crescent Street and Blumenthal Drive appear on the Uncasville inset of the map of the Town of Montville in the Atlas of New London County, published in 1868 (Figure 6).1 Most of them are identified as tenant houses belonging to the Uncasville Manufacturing Company, the owner of the mill at that time. A history of Montville states that the houses were built by the mill about 1840 when it belonged to theLewis brothers. 2 The exceptions are 23 and 25 Blumenthal Drive, which are identified as tenant houses for the Johnson Wood Dye Works. However, deed research reveals that these houses were later acquired by the Sidney Blumenthal Company, when it owned the mill.3 The houses at 3, 7 and 35 Crescent Street and 5 Blumenthal Drive retain a very high degree of architectural integrity. Other houses have been covered in vinyl siding and have been modified to some extent, but they retain their original form and location. Both streets are excellent suviving examples of small-scale mill worker housing. Crescent Street There are six contributing buildings on the east side of Crescent treet between it southern intersection with Route 32 and the beginning of Blumenthal Drive and one contributing building on the east side of Crescent Street, north of Blumenthal Drive. 1 F. W. Beers, Atlas of New London County Connecticut, W. W. Beers, A. D. Ellis & G. G. Soule (New York: 1868). 2 Henry A. Baker, History of Montville Connecticut (Hartford: Lockwood $& Brainerd Co., 1896) 625. 3 Town of Montville Land records, v. 59, 186 and v.59, 184. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 9 3 Crescent Street, c. 1840, is a two story, wood frame, cross gable Vernaclur dwelling with a porch on the south side of its façade. It is larger than the worker houses to the north of it and has more decorative elements. Windows on the first story and in the gable have dentiled lintels and the main entrance is surmounted by a small hood supported by decorative brackets with pendants. Ut is buitl into the side of the hill has an extra story on its east elevation. (Photos 12 and 13). 5 Crescent Street, c.1840, is a one and one-half story, wood frame, Side Gable Vernacular building that faces west onto Crescent Street. It has a one story, full-width enclosed porch with a hipped roof on the façade and two hipped dormers. The house is covered in vinyls sidingand all windows are replacement units. The roof is covered in asphalt shingles. It retains its original form and, much of its fenestration pattern (Photo 14). 15 Crescent Street, c. 1840, is a one story, side gable Romanesque brick building with an exposed ashlar stone foundation with a rusticated finish. It has a brick center chimney and the roof is covered with asphalt shingles. The building faces south, rather than facing he street to its west. Its entrance is centered on a one bay deep ell with a flat roof in the center of the façade. The doorway is surmounted by a fanlight set into a round arch. All windows are original one-over-one wood sash with rusticated granite sills and flat arched litels. There is a bracketed table at the cornice of the main block and the entry ell (Photo 15). The realtionship of this building to the mill is clear in a 1940 Office of War Information photograph (Figure 7) 19, 23 and 27 Crescent Street, c.1840 These three houses are identical examples of mid nineteenth century mill-built worker housing. They are all the east end of their north elevations. They all have one story porches that wrap around their north elevations and the ell (the northen section has been conveted into a car port on number 23). Porches are protected by shed roofs that are supported by square columns. They all have a single window in the gable. All are now covered in vinyl siding and the porch of 23 Crescent Street has been enclosed, but they retain their original form, fenestration patterns and architectural character (Photo 16). 35 Crescent Street, c.1840 This Cross Gable Vernacular home is an unchanged example of the houses further south on Crescent Street and it features Greek Revival decorative elements. The house retains its original trim, clapboard siding on its body and wood shingles on the porch knee wall. It also features a porch that spans the façade, wraps around the north elevation of the main block and continues onto the west elevation of the ell. It has a roof overhang supported by modillions on the façade and on the north elevation of the ell. The window in the gable has a simple, flat pediment and the window surround has typical Greek Revival “ears.” This Greek Revival motif continues on windows on the first story and the door surround at the main entrance. (Photos 17 and 18). United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 10 Blumenthal Drive The houses at 5 and 7 Blumenthal Drive (c.1840) are much simpler in form and ornament than those on Crescent Street. They are both one story Side Gable Vernacular homes that face north onto Blumentthal Drive. As the south elevation of number 5 reveals, they were built with wide clapboard siding and brick center chimneys (Photo 19). Both houses were built at the peak of a hill and they have exposed basement walls on their south elevations. Number 7 has been covered in vinyl siding, but it retains its original form and fenestration pattern (Photo 20). Numbers 11 and 15 Blumenthal Drive also have exposed basement walls on their south elevations. They appear on the 1924 Sanborn Map Company fire insurance map as two family dwellings, but they have been converted to single family occupancy.4 They have also been covered in viyl sidning, but the retain their original form and, except for the façade of number 15, their original fenestration patterns (Photo 21). The unusual building form at 19 Blumenthal Drive appears on the 1924 Sanborn as a three family dwelling and it continues to be used as such in 2016. It is covered in vinyl siding, but it retains its original form (Photo 22).5 23 and 25 Blumenthal Drive (c.1840) These houses are similar to those on Crescent Street, but they were built by a different mill owner. They are one and one half story, wood frame End Gable Vernacular houses with a one story kitchen ell centered on their west elevations. The mill for which they were built, the Johnson Dye Wood Works, was located to the west of these houses at the mouth of Oxoboxo Brook, so their facades are oriented in that direction (Photo 23).. Noncontributing The only noncontributing building in the district is the Ranch house at 46 Pink Row. It was built in 1988 on a lot previously ocupied by a two family mill worker house.6 Uncasville Mill Historic District Inventory Number Street Style Contributing/ Noncontributing 5 Blumenthal Drive Side Gable Vernacular Contributing 7 Blumenthal Drive Side Gable Vernacular Contributing 11 Blumenthal Drive Side Gable Vernacular Contributing 15 Blumenthal Drive Side Gable Vernacular Contributing 19 Blumenthal Drive Side Gable Vernacular Contributing 4 Montville, Conn., Sanborn Map Company, 1924, Sheet 5. 5 Ibid. 6 Town of Montville Tax Assessor, Vision Property Card, 46 Pink Row. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 11 23 Blumenthal Drive Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 25 Blumenthal Drive Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 3 Crescent Street Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 7 Crescent Street Side Gable Vernacular Contributing 15 Crescent Street Romanesque Contributing 19 Crescent Street Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 23 Crescent Street Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 27 Crescent Street Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 35 Crescent Street Cross Gable Vernacular Contributing 42 Pink Row Factory, Italianate Contributing 46 Pink Row Ranch Noncontributing 362 Route 32 Dam and pond Contributing United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 12 _________________________________________________________________ 8. Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing.) A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. B. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. C. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. D. Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Criteria Considerations (Mark “x” in all the boxes that apply.) A. Owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes B. Removed from its original location C. A birthplace or grave D. A cemetery E. A reconstructed building, object, or structure F. A commemorative property G. Less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years X X United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 13 Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions.) Architecture________ Community planning and development__ Industry____________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ Period of Significance _1823-1966__________________ ___________________ ___________________ Significant Dates _1823__________________ _1848__________________ _1964_________________ Significant Person (Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.) ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ Cultural Affiliation ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ Architect/Builder _Unknown__________________ ___________________ ___________________ United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 14 Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph (Provide a summary paragraph that includes level of significance, applicable criteria, justification for the period of significance, and any applicable criteria considerations.) The Uncasville Mill Historic District is locally significant under Criterion A because it was one of the earliest cotton mills in Connecticut and only the second mill to be built in Uncasville. It is the oldest surviving mill on Oxoboxo Brook and the only one still in industrial use. It is also significant because of the surviving mill worker housing built by the Uncasville Manufacturing Company and the Johnson Dye Wood Works in the mid-nineteenth century. It is significant under Criterion C because of the design of the original mill building, constructed in 1823, and its later additions. The design of the original building is one of the earliest American mill building forms and it is one of the few existing examples with such a high degree of integrity. The design and layout of the mill worker housing on Crescent Street and Blumenthal Drive is typical of early mill villages in Connecticut. ______________________________________________________________________________ Narrative Statement of Significance (Provide at least one paragraph for each area of significance.) Uncasville Uncasville is a village located in the southeast corner of the Town of Montville, Connecticut. Montville is on the west bank of the Thames River, about halfway between Norwich to the north and New London to the south. It was once known as the North Parish of the Town of New London (established 1646), but it was made a separate town in 1786.7 The land where the town was founded was first occupied by the Mohegan tribe under its chief, Uncas (c.1588-c.1683). Uncas allied himself with the English Settlers during the Pequot War of 1634-1638 and he was treated with great respect by the Colonial government. An agreement with Governor John Winthrop, Jr. in 1646 gave Uncas control of a large parcel of land on the west bank of the Thames River from the north bank of the Cochiknack (now Oxoboxo) or Saw Mill Brook. The south bank of Oxoboxo Brook was set at the northern boundary of New London. Despite the fact that Colonial law at that time prohibited individuals from contracting with the Indians for land, Uncas made many grants of property to colonists. Samuel Rogers had a long, friendly relationship with Uncas and he was given a valuable tract of land on the north side of Saw Mill (Oxoboxo) Brook near the Thames River in 1670. Rogers built a fortified homestead on the property and thus became the first European 7 “History,” Town of Montville, http://www.townofmontville.org/Content/History/ , accessed July 10, 2016. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 15 settler on Mohegan land. Uncas and his warriors were frequent guests in the Rogers home and the area became known as Uncasville.8 The Uncasville Mill The Industrial Revolution in the United States can be said to have started with Samuel Slater’s 1793 cotton mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Previous attempts at large scale textile production in the United States had failed due to lack of proper equipment and organizational skills. 9 Samuel Slater (1768-1835) arrived in New York in 1789 after having spent six years apprenticed to Jedidiah Strutt (1796-1797) at his Milford textile mills in England. Strutt and his partner, Richard Arkwright (1732-1792), had established the first commercially successful cotton mill in England. They made use of Arkwright’s invention of the roller spinning frame and his improvements of the carding engine, both of which replaced human hands with machines. These inventions made it possible to economically produce large qualities of cotton cloth in a single building.10 The mills were first established In Nottingham, where they relied on horsepower to run the machinery. Rapid success and the need to increase production led Strutt and Arkwright to move their operation to the confluence of two rivers in Cromford, where they built a water powered mill in 1771.11 Slater’s Pawtucket mill used the same principles that had made the English mills so successful. 12 He built his own versions of Arkwright’s machines from memory and installed them in a water powered mill.13 In so doing, he set the pattern for the mills that initiated the Industrial Revolution in the United States. Uncasville Manufacturing Company History Oxoboxo Brook falls 350 feet in the six miles from its source at Oxoboxo Lake to its mouth at the Thames River. It was quickly recognized by early settlers as a good source of water power. The first mill privilege on it was granted in 1653 for a sawmill that was built in Uncasville near the mouth of the brook.14 In 1798, this mill site became the location of the first water powered mill in the United States to produce woolen cloth. This mill would later become the Johnson Dye Wood Works.15 The second mill privilege on Oxoboxo Brook was granted to Levi Lester for a grist mill in 1794. The site and its water rights were purchased by Peter Richards and his son, Henry R. Richards, in 1823. That same year, the Richards’ built the stone mill building that was to become the core of the Uncasville Manufacturing Company.16 They were following a trend in American business that led to the 8 Baker, History of Montville, 71-72. 9 Charles Edwin Case, “New England Textile Mills and the Mill Village,” unpublished monograph, University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries, 20. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00103257/00001/1x , accessed July 11, 2016. 10 Case, “New England Textile Mills,” 9. 11 Ibid., 16. 12 Ibid., 23. 13 A. N. Fowler, “Rhode Island Mill Towns,” Pencil Points, May, 1936, 272-286. 14 Matthew Roth, Connecticut: An Inventory of Historic Engineering and Industrial Sites (Washington, DC: Society for Industrial Archeology, 1981) 218. 15 Baker, History of Montville, 623-624. 16 Ibid., 624-625. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 16 establishment of many textile mills in the northeast. A strong market for domestically produced cloth was created by a combination of The Embargo Act of 1807, which banned imported goods from entering the United States, and the disruption of commerce during the War of 1812. Investors were quick to see that cotton grown in the American south and processed into cloth in New England was a natural combination.17 The Richards’ business failed and the mill was purchased by brothers Charles A. and George R. Lewis in 1830. The Lewis brothers presided over one of the most successful eras in the history of the mill. Historian Henry A. Baker, writing in 1896, states, “Since that time [the Lewis’ purchase of the mill] the business has been carried on successfully, and many improvements have been made by the company in the erection of new tenement houses and enlargement of the mill.”18 They incorporated as the Uncasville Manufacturing Company in 1848 and began building the brick additions to the original mill shortly thereafter.19 After the death of the last of the Lewis brothers, the mill came into the possession of Charles A. White, who also owned an interest in a mill in Versailles, Connecticut. The principal product of this operation was denim and the two mills together produced 7 million yards of it annually by the end of the nineteenth century.20 The business was purchased by the Sidney Blumenthal Company in 1923. This concern also had a mill in Shelton, Connecticut and the Uncasville mill became known as the Uncasville-Shelton Mill.21 The Blumenthal Company produced cotton plush and other upholstery products in Uncasville until the1960s. The Mill complex was purchased in 1964 by the Richard G. Faria Company (now Faria Beede Instruments, Inc.) which continues to manufacture gauges and other instruments for vehicles and boats in the mill buildings.22 Its Architecture The stone, 1823 Mill building is the most architecturally significant in the mill complex. Its design is directly linked to Arkwright’s English mills and to early nineteenth century American factory design innovations. Arkwright’s “Lower Mill” built in Cromford in 1777, included an element that would influence the design of almost every American mill in the early nineteenth century. In this building, he raised a section of the roof on both sides of the ridge and added a continuous row of clerestory windows that spanned the entire length of the building. It also included a cupola at the gable end of the building.23 The monitor roof form, which later became known simply as the “factory roof,” increased the height and illumination of the attic work space to make it more productive. It also, “…gave a new vigor and monumentality to the factory, qualities unmatched in any other building type.”24 The Uncasville Mill building takes full advantage of this element (Photo 1). 17 William H. Pierson, Jr., Technology and the Picturesque, the Corporate and Gothic Styles, vol. 2, American Buildings and Their Architects (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978) 45. 18 Baker, History of Montville, 625. 19 Jon B. Chase, Montville (Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing, 2004) 74. 20 Bicentennial Committee, Montville Connecticut Bicentennial 1786-1986 (Montville: Town of Montville, 1986) 21 Michael Forino, “Faria Company,” Connecticut Historic Resource Inventory form, June 22, 2016. 22 “Founder - In Memory,” Faria Beede Instruments, Inc. http://www.faria-instruments.com/ accessed July 12, 2016. 23 Pierson, Jr., Technology and the Picturesque, the Corporate and Gothic Styles, 32. 24 Ibid., 42. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 17 The Uncasville Mill building also has a tower on its north elevation. The tower was originally surmounted by a cupola with a bell (Figures XX and XX). The tower first appeared on American mill buildings as early as 1816 at the Boston Manufacturing Company in Waltham, Massachusetts and this element was in general use by the time the Uncasville Mill was constructed. Towers were usually used for stairs, as this one is, and sometimes for toilets or fire protection equipment.25 The Uncasville Mill’s tower at the gable end of the building and its steeple-like cupola/ bell tower recall the form of the New England meetinghouse. These two buildings served distinctly different purposes, but both were monumental structures that demanded special attention and both were centers of community activity. Both institutions used their bells to call the community to them – the church for worship and the factory for work (Photo xx).26 Later brick additions to the mill complex, all of which were probably added during the ownership of the Lewis Brothers, followed the Italianate architectural style preferences of their era of construction. Characteristic design elements include the low pitched roofs and arched windows seen on these buildings (Photos 1-7). Mill Village When Strutt and Arkwright decided to build their new mill near a source of water power, rather than a population center, they realized that they would have to attract and house workers. The Uncasville inset on the 1868 map from the Beers Atlas of New London County shows buildings identified as “Tenant Hoses Uncasville Mfg. Co.” (Uncasville Manufacturing Company), on what are now Crescent Street and Blumenthal Drive. This map also identifies five houses as “Tenant Houses Johnson,” which refers to the nearby Johnson Dye Wood Works. Along with these houses the map identifies a store, a school and a Methodist Episcopal Church. A building identified as, “Superintendent’s House” is just to the north of the group of tenant houses.27 Taken together, this grouping constitutes a classic New England Mill Village. It is not as large as some later mill villages in Connecticut, but it serves the same purpose. The district contains many of the key elements of the type: the rows of nearly identical worker houses, a larger house for boarding single workers, the company store, a school and the mill buildings themselves. Some houses outside the district are shown as belonging to the Uncasville Manufacturing Company and they may have been used by them as worker housing. However, it is also likely that these building were part of their strategy to protect water rights on Oxoboxo Brook. The company owned almost every house in the area for a short period of time. They would purchase a property and then sell it a few years later, while retaining its riparian rights.28 The worker houses are a relatively well-preserved example of company-built housing found throughout eastern Connecticut. It is not as large as some later mill villages in Connecticut, but it serves the same purpose of housing workers near their jobs. The district originally contained the key elements of the type, including rows of nearly identical worker houses, a larger house for boarding single workers, a store, a church or chapel, a school and the mill buildings themselves. The store has been converted into a single family residence and the school, church and chapel have been demolished, but the rows of nearly identical 25 Ibid., 46-47. 26 Ibid. 43. 27 F. W. Beers, Atlas of New London County Connecticut. 28 Bicentennial Committee, Montville Connecticut Bicentennial 1786-1986. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 18 worker houses remain. Several motives were involved in the creation of a mill village. Perhaps the most important was the necessity to house workers in otherwise remote areas that were not ready for a rapid population increase. A second, more self-serving motive, involved binding the workers closer to the company by making them dependent on it for housing, as well as nearly all of their daily needs. There was also a paternalistic element to mill villages, since houses such as those in Uncasville were clearly intended to provide very adequate accommodations for workers who might otherwise be unable to afford good housing. “Rents in the 1850s ranged from $35 to $55 annually at a time when unskilled male labor brought $.75 to $1.00 a day.”29 In terms of planning, the Uncasville mill village represents the first stage of company towns, when mill owners most often simply constructed the worker houses in a line along nearby roads. Architecturally, the houses in the village are typical of the type: plainly detailed vernacular buildings, some with multiple entries, and chimneys near the center of the roof. The relationship between architectural ornament and social status is clear on Crescent Street and even more pronounced on Blumenthal Drive.. The “Supt.’s House” (Superintendent’s House) labeled on the Beers map has been identified with the Johnson Dye Wood Works.30 However, he 1869 map identifies one residence near the south end or the street with W. R. Wood.31 The United States Census of Montville for 1850 identifies Willet R. Wood as a “Manufacturer.” 32 In 1860, he is listed as, “Superintendent of Mill.”33 By 1870, he is shown as a, “Cotton Manufacturer.”34 The exact house could have been either of the first two houses at the south end of Crescent Street. Based on the location of the house and his identification with a cotton mill, it is likely that he was the Superintendent of the Uncasville Mill. The southernmost house, 3 Crescent Street, has a slightly higher level of ornamentation, including dentiled lintels at each window and small hood supported by decorative brackets with pendants Photos 13 and 13). The house at 5 Crescent Street is smaller and is unlikely to have been a Superintendent’s house for over twenty years (Photo 14). Ornament on the house at 35 Crescent Street, the only one other than 3 and 15 Crescent Street, with its trim intact, is simpler and flatter, except for modillions at the roof overhangs. These houses may have been meant for managers (Photo 17 and 18). The houses on Blumenthal Drive were clearly meant for ordinary workers. They are smaller, simpler in design and, based on the unsided example at 5 Blumenthal Drive, lack all ornament (Photo 19). The masonry building at 15 Crescent Street appears on the 1868 map as a store, probably the Company Store.35 It later became the mill paymaster’s office and then a doctor’s office (Photos15).36 It is currently vacant. By the middle of the twentieth century, all of these buildings were still owned by the Sidney Blumenthal Company. They were all sold to private owners between June and September of 1954 and they remain in private hands in 2016.37 29 Matthew Roth and John Herzan, “Quinebaug Mill/ Quebec Square Historic District, “ National Register of Historic Places nomination, 1985. 30 Jan Cunningham ND Elizabeth A. Warner, “480 Route 32,” History and Architectural Resource Survey of the Town of Montville, Connecticut (Hartford: State Historic Preservation Office, 2001). 31 F. W. Beers, Atlas of New London County Connecticut. 32 US Census Montville 1850 33 US Census Montville 1860 34 US Census Montville 1870 35 F. W. Beers, Atlas of New London County Connecticut. 36 Bicentennial Committee, Montville Connecticut Bicentennial 1786-1986. 37 Town of Montville land records, United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Section 8 page 19 Railroad Right-of-way An abandoned railroad right-of-way runs east-west near the base of the steep slope on the north side of the mill site. It was built c.1850 for the tracks of the New London, Willimantic and Palmer Railroad. The first train on this line ran from New London to Palmer, a distance of 66 miles, in three hours, twenty minutes on August 31, 1850. It was never as successful as its investors had hoped, partly because of the number of other railroads in the area at the time. It eventually merged with the New London Northern Railroad and, after a number of other mergers, the tracks became the property of the Central Vermont Railroad System. 38 The Uncasville route was abandoned in 1983.39 38 Robert Owen Decker, The Whaling City: A History of New London (New London: Pequot Press, ) 1976. in Richard H. Fawcett, ed., “Somewhere in Time: A brief glimpse into Montville’s past with some little attention given to the present,” unpublished monograph . 39 “Railroad Gets OK to Drop Line,” The Day, New London, February 24, 1983. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 20 ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. Major Bibliographical References Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.) Baker, Henry A. History of Montville, Connecticut. Hartford: Lockwood & Brainerd Co., 1896. Beers, F. W. Atlas of New London County Connecticut. New York: F. W. Beers, A. D. Ellis & G. G. Soule, 1868. Bicentennial Committee. Montville Connecticut Bicentennial 1786-1986. Montville: Town of Montville, 1986. Chase, Jon B. Montville. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing, 2004. Cunningham, Jan and Elizabeth A. Warner. “480 Route 32.” History and Architectural Resource Survey of the Town of Montville, Connecticut. Hartford: State Historic Preservation Office, 2001. Decker, Robert Owen . The Whaling City: A History of New London. New London: Pequot Press, 1976. in Richard H. Fawcett, ed. “Somewhere in Time: A brief glimpse into Montville’s past with some little attention given to the present.” unpublished monograph . Forino, Michael. “Faria Company.” Connecticut Historic Resource Inventory form. June 22, 2016. Fowler, A. N. “Rhode Island Mill Towns,” Pencil Points, May, 1936. Montville, Conn., Sanborn Map Company, 1924, Sheet 5. Pierson, William H., Jr. Technology and the Picturesque, the Corporate and Gothic Styles. vol. 2, American Buildings and Their Architects. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. Roth, Matthew. Connecticut: An Inventory of Historic Engineering and Industrial Sites. Washington, DC: Society for Industrial Archeology, 1981. Roth, Matthew and John Herzan, “Quinebaug Mill/ Quebec Square Historic District, “ National Register of Historic Places nomination, 1985. Town of Montville land records “Founder - In Memory,” Faria Beede Instruments, Inc. http://www.faria-instruments.com/ accessed July 12, 2016. “Railroad Gets OK to Drop Line,” The Day, New London, February 24, 1983. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 21 ___________________________________________________________________________ Previous documentation on file (NPS): ____ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested ____ previously listed in the National Register ____ previously determined eligible by the National Register ____ designated a National Historic Landmark ____ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey #____________ ____ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # __________ ____ recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey # ___________ Primary location of additional data: X State Historic Preservation Office ____ Other State agency ____ Federal agency ____ Local government ____ University ____ Other Name of repository: _____________________________________ Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): ________________ United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 22 ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property 44_______________ Use either the UTM system or latitude/longitude coordinates Latitude/Longitude Coordinates (decimal degrees) Datum if other than WGS84:__________ (enter coordinates to 6 decimal places) Point latitude longitude 1 41.0560045 -73.55468591 2 41.05927355 -73.55526896 3 41.06002668 -73.55442206 4 41.06012639 -73.55325487 5 41.06078229 -73.55365576 6 41.06179265 -73.55417182 7 41.06491718 -73.55436134 8 41.06501306 -73.55373797 9 41.0659551 -73.55421293 10 41.06702479 -73.55388358 11 41.06697075 -73.55289569 12 41.06632032 -73.55106439 13 41.06683299 -73.55079869 14 41.06650455 -73.54979738 15 41.06616376 -73.54947086 16 41.06582176 -73.55149145 17 41.06095754 -73.55041449 18 41.06117119 -73.54821117 19 41.06073715 -73.54813536 20 41.05887669 -73.54816302 21 41.05811761 -73.54986605 22 41.05815953 -73.55149828 23 41.05648803 -73.55067203 24 41.05603882 -73.55058595 25 41.0561741 -73.55303511 Or UTM References United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 23 Datum (indicated on USGS map): NAD 1927 or NAD 1983 1. Zone: Easting: Northing: 2. Zone: Easting: Northing: 3. Zone: Easting: Northing: 4. Zone: Easting : Northing: Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property.) The boundary of the Uncasville Mill Historic District begins at the northwest corner of the property at 35 Crescent Street, runs along he northern border of that property and then turns south on its eastern border until it reaches the northern border of the property at 5 Blumenthal Drive. The border then runs east along the south side of Blumenthal Drive until it reaches the northwest corner of the property at 25 Blumenthal Drive, where it continues east until it reaches Pink Row. It turns south along the west side of Pink row until it reaches the southeast corner of the property at 42 Pink Row, where it turns west to run along the north side of Pink Row until it reaches the southeast corner of the property at 4 Depot Road. It then turns to run along the eastern border of that property and turs west at its northeast corner until it reaches the eastern border of the property at 362 Route 32. The boundary turns south until it reached the southeast corner of this property and then west to run along its southern border. The boundary turns east at the northwest corner of 362 Route 32 until it reaches the southwest corner of the property at 3 Crescent Street, where it turns north to run along the east side of Crescent Street until it reaches it beginning. Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected.) The boundaries of the district include the Uncasville Mill complex, the dam and mill pond that were its original power source and surviving mill worker housing on Crescent Street and Blumenthal Drive. ______________________________________________________________________________ 11. Form Prepared By name/title: _Tod Bryant_____________________________________ United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 24 organization: Heritage Resources______________________ street & number: 23 Morgan Avenue______________________________ city or town: Norwalk______ state: CT_________ zip code:06851____ e-mail__tod@heritageresourcesct.com___ telephone:__203-852-9788_______________________ date:___July 19, 2016__________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: • Maps: A USGS map or equivalent (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. • Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Key all photographs to this map. • Additional items: (Check with the SHPO, TPO, or FPO for any additional items.) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 25 Map showing location of Uncasville Mill Historic District and contributing resources. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 26 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 27 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 28 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 29 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 30 Photographs Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels (minimum), 3000x2000 preferred, at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that number must correspond to the photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photo date, etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn’t need to be labeled on every photograph. Photo Log Name of Property: Uncasville Mill Historic District City or Vicinity: Montville County: New London State: Connecticut Photographer: Tod Bryant Date Photographed: June 22, 2016 Description of Photograph(s) and number, include description of view indicating direction of camera: 1 of 23. View northwest showing smokestack, south elevation and facade of Building 9 and east elevation of original mill building. 2 of 23. View northwest showing east elevation of original 1823 mill building. 3 of 23. View south showing west and north elevations of Building 2; tower and part of west elevation of original mill building and smokestack. 4 of 23. View south showing north elevation of Building 3 and east elevation of original mill building. 5 of 23. View southwest showing part of smokestack, facade of Building 3 part of east and north elevations of Building 2; part of east elevation and tower of original mill building. 6 of 23. View west showing north elevation of buildings 5 and 6, smokestack, east elevation of original mill building and facade of Building 4. 7 of 23. View northwest showing facade and part of south elevation of Building 9. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 31 8 of 23. View southwest showing dam, spillway and Picker Pond. 9 of 23. View north showing southern section of dam, spillway and part of Route 32. 10 of 23. View south from Route 32 bridge showing dam, Picker Pond and abandoned head race. 11 of 23. View west showing abandoned railroad right-of-way. 12 of 23. View northeast showing facade and south elevation of 3 Crescent Street. 13 of 23. View northeast showing facade and south elevation of 3 Crescent Street. 14 of 23. View southeast showing north elevation and facade of 7 Crescent Street. 15 of 23. View northeast showing west elevation and facade of 15 Crescent Street. 16 of 23. View northwest showing 29, 27,23 and 15 Crescent Street. 17 of 23. View southwest showing north elevation and facade of 35 Crescent Street. 18 of 23. View west showing facade of 35 Crescent Street. 19 of 23. View north showing south (rear) elevation of 5 Blumenthal Drive. 20 of 23. View south showing facade and north elevation of 7 Blumenthal Drive. 21 of 23. View south showing facades of 15, 11 and 7 Blumenthal Drive. 22 of 23. View southwest showing west elevation and facade of 19 Blumenthal Drive. 23 of 23. View east showing west elevations of 25 and 23 Blumenthal Drive and part of facade of 19 Blumenthal Drive. Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 100 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Office of Planning and Performance Management. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1849 C. Street, NW, Washington, DC. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 32 Uncasville Mill Historic District Photo Key United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 33 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 34 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 35 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 36 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 37 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 38 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 39 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 40 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 41 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 42 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 43 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Uncasville Mill Historic District New London County Connecticut Name of Property County and State Sections 9-end page 44 State Historic Preservation Office 450 Columbus Boulevard, Suite 5 | Hartford, CT 06103 | P: 860.500.2300 | Cultureandtourism.org An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer An Equal Opportunity Lender August 27, 2019 James Sexton 274 Clinton Avenue New Rochelle, NY 10801 RE: Uncasville Mill, Section 2, 42 Pink Row, Montville SHPO Project #1200036 Dear Mr. Sexton: Enclosed is a copy of the approved Part 1 as well as the conditional approval for the state Part 2 application, Request for Approval of Proposed Rehabilitation Plan, Form ITC 300a for the above- named certified historic structure. The applicant shall demonstrate compliance with the following condition(s) prior to filing the state Part 3 application, Request for Preliminary Certification and Reservation of Tax Credits: 1. Exterior Masonry: Masonry cleaning, repointing and brick replacement samples for the exterior must be provided and approved by the SHPO prior to the start of work. Approved samples must be maintained throughout construction. Sandblasting will not be allowed. The cleaning process proposed for the exterior masonry must not damage or substantially alter the physical characteristics of the masonry surfaces. Good quality overall and close-up color photographs of the masonry both before and after cleaning must be submitted with the Request for Certification of Completed Work. Repointing mortar must match the color, texture, strength, joint width and joint profile of the existing historic masonry. This work must not damage any of the surrounding brick. Specifications and repointing samples should be reviewed and approved by the SHPO before proceeding with this work. Good quality overall and close-up color photographs of the masonry both before and after repointing must be submitted with the Request for Certification of Completed Work. 2. Replacement windows must match the appearance, size, design, proportions, and profiles of the existing windows and must have clear glazing. In order to ensure the proposed windows meet the Standards, detailed dimensioned drawings of both the existing and any proposed replacement windows, showing them in relationship to the wall assembly must be submitted for review. 3. Window Clearance: All interior partitions, new ceilings and ductwork shall be installed so that they do not intersect or obscure any windows. All ductwork, ceilings or soffits that drop below the top of the window must be held back a minimum of 4’- 0” from the State Historic Preservation Office 450 Columbus Boulevard, Suite 5 | Hartford, CT 06103 | P: 860.500.2300 | Cultureandtourism.org An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer An Equal Opportunity Lender outside wall. Kitchen cabinets and/or counters must not project into the masonry opening for any window. 4. Wood floors should be retained where they are in good condition. Wood floors in good condition must not be covered with a flow-able leveling compound or gypcrete system. Floors that are not repairable can be covered with an underlayment and new floor where the underlayment serves as a bond breaker so that the wood can be uncovered without damage in the future. 5. Paint Removal From Interior Wood: Interior posts, beams and ceilings that were originally painted should remain painted wherever possible, but especially in corridors, stairwells and public areas. Wood surfaces below 10’ must be done using scraping methods. Where paint is to be removed from wood in residential tenant areas, a sample of the paint removal method must be approved by the SHPO prior to the work being done to insure that the wood will not be eroded. Sandblasting of wood surfaces will not be approved. If other blasting is done such as baking soda, it must not raise the grain or feather the surface of the wood. See Preservation Brief 6, Dangers of Abrasive Cleaning to Historic Buildings. Specifications for this treatment, including type of grit, size, psi, and distance that the nozzle will be held from the surface, as well as test samples, should be reviewed and approved by the SHPO before proceeding with this work. Good quality overall and close-up color photographs both before and after sandblasting must be submitted with the Request for Certification of Completed Work. Aggressive sandblasting will not be allowed. 6. Paint Removal from Interior Brick: Interior brick walls that were originally painted should remain painted wherever possible, but especially in corridors, stairwells and public areas which includes retail and commercial spaces. Very often in mill buildings, the lower wall is painted a contrasting color from the lighter colored upper wall. This is a significant interior feature and should be maintained. Paint colors selected should be appropriate mill interior colors. Where paint is to be removed from walls in residential tenant areas, a sample of the paint removal method must be approved by the SHPO prior to the work being done to insure that the brick and mortar will not be eroded. Sandblasting must not raise the grain or feather the surface of the brick or wood. See Preservation Brief 6, Dangers of Abrasive Cleaning to Historic Buildings. Specifications for this treatment, including type of sand, grit, size, psi, and distance that the nozzle will be held from the surface, as well as test samples, should be reviewed and approved by the SHPO before proceeding with this work. Good quality overall and close-up color photographs both before and after sandblasting must be submitted with the Request for Certification of Completed Work. Aggressive sandblasting will not be allowed. 7. Any signage and/or canopy programs for this project including the design, material, location, installation and their lighting, must be in keeping with the industrial/historic State Historic Preservation Office 450 Columbus Boulevard, Suite 5 | Hartford, CT 06103 | P: 860.500.2300 | Cultureandtourism.org An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer An Equal Opportunity Lender character of the buildings and reviewed and approved by the SHPO before the work begins. 8. Lighting: All lighting on the exterior and lighting being installed in the public areas on the interior including lobbies, stair halls and corridors must be industrial in nature and compatible with the building. All light fixtures must be reviewed and approved by the SHPO prior to installation. If, at any time prior to completion of the rehabilitation project, changes are contemplated to approved work, please use a Part 2 Amendment form to request approval from this office. The Part 2 amendment is solely for the purpose of ensuring that the project work continues to meet the program standards for rehabilitation. In order to qualify for a reservation of tax credits, you are required to file a Part 3 application, “Request for Preliminary Certification and Reservation of Tax Credits,” Form ITC 300c, with the necessary documentation. When that application is filed, a fee based on the estimated Qualified Rehabilitation Expenditures may be required. If you have any questions, please contact me by telephone or e-mail at (860) 500-2362 or julie.carmelich@ct.gov, respectively. Sincerely, Julie P. Carmelich Historian Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner State Historic Preservation Office 450 Columbus Boulevard, Suite 5 | Hartford, CT 06103 | P: 860.500-2300 | Cultureandtourism.org An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer An Equal Opportunity Lender October 1, 2019 James Sexton 274 Clinton Avenue New Rochelle, NY 10801-1525 RE: Uncasville Mill – Buildings 1 and 2 Part 2 Amendment #1 Dear Mr. Sexton: Enclosed is a copy of the conditional approval for amendment #1 dated August 8, 2019, for the above-referenced project. The approval is conditioned on the following: 1. The flood vents must be painted to match the surrounding exterior brick Should there be further changes in the rehabilitation work as approved, please complete another amendment form. If you have any questions, I can be reached by telephone at (860) 500-2362 or by email at julie.carmelich@ct.gov. Sincerely, Julie P. Carmelich Historian Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner United States Department of Agriculture A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants Custom Soil Resource Report for State of ConnecticutNatural Resources Conservation Service September 22, 2020 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/? cid=nrcs142p2_053951). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require 2 alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3 Contents Preface....................................................................................................................2 How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5 Soil Map..................................................................................................................8 Soil Map (42 Pink Row Uncasville CT Soil Map)..................................................9 Legend................................................................................................................10 Map Unit Legend (42 Pink Row Uncasville CT Soil Map)...................................11 Map Unit Descriptions (42 Pink Row Uncasville CT Soil Map)...........................11 State of Connecticut........................................................................................13 38E—Hinckley loamy sand, 15 to 45 percent slopes..................................13 73E—Charlton-Chatfield complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, very rocky.....14 306—Udorthents-Urban land complex........................................................17 702A—Tisbury silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes...........................................18 References............................................................................................................21 4 How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil 5 scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and Custom Soil Resource Report 6 identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. Custom Soil Resource Report 7 Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 8 9 Custom Soil Resource Report Soil Map (42 Pink Row Uncasville CT Soil Map)4591200459123045912604591290459132045913504591200459123045912604591290459132045913504591380741550 741580 741610 741640 741670 741700 741730 741760 741790 741550 741580 741610 741640 741670 741700 741730 741760 741790 741820 41° 26' 15'' N 72° 6' 32'' W41° 26' 15'' N72° 6' 20'' W41° 26' 9'' N 72° 6' 32'' W41° 26' 9'' N 72° 6' 20'' WN Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 18N WGS84 0 50 100 200 300Feet 0 15 30 60 90Meters Map Scale: 1:1,290 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Unit Polygons Soil Map Unit Lines Soil Map Unit Points Special Point Features Blowout Borrow Pit Clay Spot Closed Depression Gravel Pit Gravelly Spot Landfill Lava Flow Marsh or swamp Mine or Quarry Miscellaneous Water Perennial Water Rock Outcrop Saline Spot Sandy Spot Severely Eroded Spot Sinkhole Slide or Slip Sodic Spot Spoil Area Stony Spot Very Stony Spot Wet Spot Other Special Line Features Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:12,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: State of Connecticut Survey Area Data: Version 20, Jun 9, 2020 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Mar 20, 2019—Mar 27, 2019 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report 10 Map Unit Legend (42 Pink Row Uncasville CT Soil Map) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 38E Hinckley loamy sand, 15 to 45 percent slopes 3.5 43.7% 73E Charlton-Chatfield complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, very rocky 0.1 1.4% 306 Udorthents-Urban land complex 4.2 51.7% 702A Tisbury silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes 0.3 3.3% Totals for Area of Interest 8.1 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions (42 Pink Row Uncasville CT Soil Map) The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it Custom Soil Resource Report 11 was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. Custom Soil Resource Report 12 State of Connecticut 38E—Hinckley loamy sand, 15 to 45 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2svmj Elevation: 0 to 1,280 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 71 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Hinckley and similar soils:85 percent Minor components:15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Hinckley Setting Landform:Kames, eskers, kame terraces, outwash plains, moraines, outwash terraces, outwash deltas Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Nose slope, side slope, crest, head slope, riser Down-slope shape:Linear, convex, concave Across-slope shape:Convex, linear, concave Parent material:Sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits derived from gneiss and/or granite and/or schist Typical profile Oe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant material A - 1 to 8 inches: loamy sand Bw1 - 8 to 11 inches: gravelly loamy sand Bw2 - 11 to 16 inches: gravelly loamy sand BC - 16 to 19 inches: very gravelly loamy sand C - 19 to 65 inches: very gravelly sand Properties and qualities Slope:15 to 45 percent Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches Drainage class:Excessively drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high to very high (1.42 to 99.90 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Maximum salinity:Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity:Low (about 3.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Custom Soil Resource Report 13 Ecological site: F144AY022MA - Dry Outwash Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Merrimac Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Kames, eskers, moraines, outwash terraces, outwash plains Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope, crest, head slope, nose slope, riser Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Hydric soil rating: No Windsor Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Outwash deltas, moraines, kames, eskers, kame terraces, outwash plains, outwash terraces Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Head slope, nose slope, side slope, crest, riser Down-slope shape:Concave, linear, convex Across-slope shape:Linear, concave, convex Hydric soil rating: No Agawam Percent of map unit:3 percent Landform:Kames, moraines, outwash terraces, outwash deltas, kame terraces, eskers, outwash plains Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Nose slope, side slope, crest, head slope, riser Down-slope shape:Linear, convex, concave Across-slope shape:Convex, linear, concave Hydric soil rating: No Sudbury Percent of map unit:2 percent Landform:Eskers, kames, moraines, outwash terraces, kame terraces, outwash plains, outwash deltas Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope, footslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Base slope, tread Down-slope shape:Linear, concave Across-slope shape:Linear, concave Hydric soil rating: No 73E—Charlton-Chatfield complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, very rocky Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9lql Custom Soil Resource Report 14 Elevation: 0 to 1,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 43 to 56 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 185 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Charlton and similar soils:45 percent Chatfield and similar soils:30 percent Minor components:25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Charlton Setting Landform:Hills Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Coarse-loamy melt-out till derived from granite and/or schist and/or gneiss Typical profile Ap - 0 to 4 inches: fine sandy loam Bw1 - 4 to 7 inches: fine sandy loam Bw2 - 7 to 19 inches: fine sandy loam Bw3 - 19 to 27 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam C - 27 to 65 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope:15 to 45 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:1.6 percent Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Runoff class: High Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high to high (0.57 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Low (about 5.9 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: F144AY034CT - Well Drained Till Uplands Hydric soil rating: No Description of Chatfield Setting Landform:Hills, ridges Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Coarse-loamy melt-out till derived from granite and/or schist and/or gneiss Custom Soil Resource Report 15 Typical profile Oa - 0 to 1 inches: highly decomposed plant material A - 1 to 6 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam Bw1 - 6 to 15 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam Bw2 - 15 to 29 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam 2R - 29 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:15 to 45 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:1.6 percent Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Well drained Runoff class: High Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Low to high (0.01 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Low (about 3.3 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: F144AY034CT - Well Drained Till Uplands Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Rock outcrop Percent of map unit:10 percent Hydric soil rating: No Sutton Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Depressions, drainageways Down-slope shape:Concave Across-slope shape:Linear Hydric soil rating: No Leicester Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Depressions, drainageways Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes Hollis Percent of map unit:3 percent Landform:Hills, ridges Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Hydric soil rating: No Unnamed, sandy subsoil Percent of map unit:1 percent Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 16 Unnamed, red parent material Percent of map unit:1 percent Hydric soil rating: No 306—Udorthents-Urban land complex Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9lmg Elevation: 0 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 43 to 56 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 185 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Udorthents and similar soils:50 percent Urban land:35 percent Minor components:15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Udorthents Setting Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Drift Typical profile A - 0 to 5 inches: loam C1 - 5 to 21 inches: gravelly loam C2 - 21 to 80 inches: very gravelly sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope:0 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Very low to high (0.00 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 54 to 72 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Moderate (about 6.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 17 Description of Urban Land Typical profile H - 0 to 6 inches: material Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Hydric soil rating: Unranked Minor Components Unnamed, undisturbed soils Percent of map unit:8 percent Hydric soil rating: No Udorthents, wet substratum Percent of map unit:5 percent Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Linear Hydric soil rating: No Rock outcrop Percent of map unit:2 percent Hydric soil rating: No 702A—Tisbury silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2y07g Elevation: 0 to 1,260 feet Mean annual precipitation: 43 to 54 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 185 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Tisbury and similar soils:85 percent Minor components:15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Tisbury Setting Landform:Valley trains, outwash plains, deltas, outwash terraces Landform position (three-dimensional):Tread Down-slope shape:Concave Across-slope shape:Concave Custom Soil Resource Report 18 Parent material:Coarse-silty eolian deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits derived from granite, schist, and/or gneiss Typical profile Ap - 0 to 8 inches: silt loam Bw1 - 8 to 18 inches: silt loam Bw2 - 18 to 26 inches: silt loam 2C - 26 to 65 inches: extremely gravelly sand Properties and qualities Slope:0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature:24 to 36 inches to strongly contrasting textural stratification Drainage class:Moderately well drained Runoff class: Very low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to high (0.14 to 14.17 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 18 to 30 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Maximum salinity:Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity:Low (about 4.3 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F144AY026CT - Moist Silty Outwash Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Merrimac Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Moraines, outwash terraces, outwash plains, kames, eskers Landform position (two-dimensional):Shoulder, summit Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope, crest, tread Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Hydric soil rating: No Agawam Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Outwash terraces, outwash plains, kame terraces, kames, moraines Landform position (two-dimensional):Summit, shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope, crest, tread Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Hydric soil rating: No Ninigret Percent of map unit:3 percent Landform:Outwash terraces, kames, moraines, outwash plains, kame terraces Landform position (two-dimensional):Footslope, toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Base slope, tread Down-slope shape:Linear, convex Across-slope shape:Concave, convex Custom Soil Resource Report 19 Hydric soil rating: No Raypol Percent of map unit:2 percent Landform:Depressions, drainageways Down-slope shape:Concave Across-slope shape:Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes Custom Soil Resource Report 20 References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 21 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/? cid=nrcs142p2_053624 United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf Custom Soil Resource Report 22